Parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes towards the education of fishermen's children

The aim of this research is to know is there any effect among Parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes towards the education of fishermen's children. This research used a quantitative type of research and took a research location in Medan Belawan District, with a sample, namely Additional Bagan Village. Respondents as many as 58 fishing families, with data collection techniques carried out by means of questionnaires and observations. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the factor that causes the low level of education in fishermen's children in Bagan Deli is because parents cannot afford to pay for school, because according to them. As well as the factor of not wanting the child himself to go to school. An unsupportive environment like many of their peers who did not finish school and many have come to work at sea like their parents. That the Awareness of the Fishing Community Towards Children's Education in is still Low. This is influenced by the level of education of parents which is so minimal that it is never thought of them to send their children to higher schools, and because parents also do not understand the importance of formal education for children, this can be proven from the attitude of parents who do not pay attention to education for children by letting their children work in the sea when children should be sitting in school instead of being busy participating in participating work for money.


INTRODUCTION
Medan Belawan Subdistrict, which is located in the northern area of Medan city, is one of the coastal areas located in the city of Medan, North Sumatra Province, which has been widely used by the local community and other related agencies in accordance with their respective interests.This is supported by the existence of Belawan port which is the largest port on the island of Sumatra.The utilization of space in the coastal area of Medan Belawan district is in line with the increasing increase in economic activity in the region.However, the large amount of economic activity that has developed in the coastal area of Medan Belawan District can cause ineffective and efficient utilization in terms of spatial aspects and the carrying capacity of existing resources, causing conflicts in the use of space.
More sectoral-oriented development, which was carried out more than six years ago, pays less attention to the aspects of sustability and compatibility of space.So that it is not uncommon for spatial conflicts to occur in the use of space and natural resources between sectors.In addition, sectoral-oriented development also contributes to development inequalities between regions, both between regions and between urban areas and functionally rural areas.The incompatibility of development between sectors and the inequality of development between regions causes the direction of regional development to be less effective and successful (Ditjen P3K DKP, 2000).Therefore, it is very necessary to have a spatial concept for coastal areas that can accommodate all stakeholders' interests.
Fishing is a job that depends on the generosity of nature, when nature gives its resources it is appropriate that we should be grateful and take care of it for the next purpose.The level of exploitation of fishermen against the sea is very large.Where every day they come to the sea in the hope of getting abundant catches.According to Kusnadi (2003), that many factors cause the majority of fishermen to still be in poverty, then these factors are grouped into three; (1) Technical factors; (2) Cultural factors; and (3) Structural factors.Technical factors concern the level of fishermen's income compared to the level of expenditure or consumption, the availability of fish stocks, the utilization of technology, supporting factors such as the availability of fuel, and the equipment they are carrying including boats, trawlers and fishing rods and nets.
Fishermen are a society that has a main livelihood as a fisherman.They generally live on the beach, a residential neighborhood close to the location of their activities.In essence, fishermen are a class of people who still need to be empowered and their life dignity needs to be raised.In general, the life of fishermen is always expressed with backwardness both from the point of view of livelihood, as well as the traditional way of thinking, and attitude.Judging from the scope, fishermen's poverty consists of the poverty of physical infrastructure in fishing villages, which in general is still very minimal.
Cultural factors are also quite influential on the work ethic of fishermen, for example, an extravagant lifestyle, ineffective use of time, being quickly satisfied with the results Parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes towards the education of fishermen's children -Bakhrul Khair Amal 1 , Tappil Rambe 2 , Supsiloani 3 , Dina Ampera 4 , Anwar Soleh Purba 5 , Hatta Ridho 6 , Daud 7  doi: 10.53565/pssa.v8i1.456achieved today, having no savings and still trusting the things that are taboo and abstinent in the process of fishing.Structural factors are currently the dominant cause of fishermen's poverty, namely government policies and programs that are not conducive to supporting efforts to alleviate fishermen from poverty.Traditional fishermen do not have the capital to develop their businesses due to the absence of capital, while the government has not helped much in terms of providing capital.The availability of sea me supplies, rice, and other fishing gear is still very difficult for fishermen to obtain.F actors of this availability that cause fishermen are still synonymous with poverty because the roots of poverty are still wrapped around and firmly embedded in the lives of fishing communities in this archipelago.Therefore, it is necessary to study the roots of poverty that are still firmly embedded in the lives of fishermen so that their lives are still very difficult to achieve a level of welfare like other people who pursue other jobs such as farmers, laborers and others.
Poverty in fishing families is characterized by low incomes, low expenditure on consumers, low family education levels, existing institutions that have not supported the occurrence of income equality, the potential for family labor (wife and children) has not been utilized properly, and access to capital is low (Hermanto, 1995).The poverty of fishing families is related to the institution of production, that is, the inability to catch the types of fish that arise sustainably.Due to the limited types of fishing gear owned.Small fishermen are unable to adjust to be able to catch fish according to the existing fish season.Limited resources related to human resources, financial capital resources that do not exist or are inadequate to be able to carry out arrest efforts or other more profitable businesses.Natural conditions and seasonal fluctuations cause fishermen to be unable to go to sea all year round.Fishermen do not dare to go to sea because of large waves that can endanger life safety, or the famine season there are no / few fish (Anas, 2011).
The level of education in fishing families is very low, with low economic conditions, it is not possible for fishing families to provide decent education for their children, so the fishing community's view of education affects the level of education in fishing families (Kadriani, 2017).Most fishermen only graduated from elementary school, followed by the condition that only junior and senior high school graduates (Heny, 2013).So that the ability of fishing households to reach educational services for their children is very limited.With the low level of education of fishermen, this also affects their skills, mindset, and mentality (Yemima et al, 2017).In general, fishing families do not have careful planning for the education of their children.Education for most fishing families is still not an important need in the family.In other words, enthusiasm for education in fishing communities is still relatively low.In fact, education for fishing families is not a priority and even considers it unimportant (Agung et al, 2017).
The poverty that plagues fishing households is due to low levels of education, making it difficult for them to form a better next generation.Fishermen's children are forced to accept the fact that they do not attend school or drop out of elementary school before Parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes towards the education of fishermen's children -Bakhrul Khair Amal 1 , Tappil Rambe 2 , Supsiloani 3 , Dina Ampera 4 , Anwar Soleh Purba 5 , Hatta Ridho 6 , Daud 7  doi: 10.53565/pssa.v8i1.456reaching graduation (Heny, 2013).The low level of education of parents affects the children of these fishermen, where there are restrictions in schooling, there are restrictions in determining the level of education.From the results of interviews with several fishermen, their last average education only reached the elementary school (SD) level.For them to become a fisherman, there is no need for a high education so they assume that only up to the elementary school level is good enough.This condition indicates that fishermen lack participation in their educational fields and is likely to also affect the level of education participation for their children.This is in line with what Basrowi and Juariyah (2010) stated, who explained that "people who have a low socioeconomic level tend to have a low level of education as well".
If a child's education is low, the child gets hindered in managing his future.In addition to education and health that experience influences in the economic situation of fishermen who are categorized as poor.There are other sides that are the struggles of fishing communities in survival patterns such as how fishermen cope with their lives in low economic conditions and the way fishermen manage their finances for education.Education requires money, not only for tuition, but also for clothes, books, transport.The large costs that must be incurred to send children to school are reasons for parents who have low socioeconomic conditions (Nasution, 2010).This is in line with what was revealed by Basrowi and Juariyah (2010), who explained that people who have a low socioeconomic level tend to have a low level of education Based on research conducted by Saiful Fatwa (2016), it shows that most parents / fishermen's education is still low, low education held by parents causes parents to be able to provide insight into education for their children, so that children tend to follow the patterns carried out by their parents, so that many children do not go to school or drop out of school because parents do not care about the development of education for their children.
The family mindset about children's education is still very low, they never think about educational facilities for their children and there is an inconsistency between perceptions and behaviors to send children to school, because there are various factors that affect children's education such as economic factors.For example, a sufficient family economic situation will certainly provide wide opportunities for children to be able to get an education.Fishermen's low perception of education indicates that their social status is low.The low social status of fishermen's education is due to the demands of family living needs.The commitment of fishing families to children's education is influenced by the parenting style of fishermen families where in general and most fishing families have authoritarian parenting with a combination of permissive parenting, authoritarian parenting to punish their children physically such as pinching, pulling ears, beating, slapping and even kicking their children.Punishment is given to a child who behaves wrongly, is not good, deserves or is accepted by society.Punishment can be either corporal Parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes towards the education of fishermen's children -Bakhrul Khair Amal 1 , Tappil Rambe 2 , Supsiloani 3 , Dina Ampera 4 , Anwar Soleh Purba 5 , Hatta Ridho 6 , Daud 7 doi: 10. 53565/pssa.v8i1.456or social punishment depending on the child's level of guilt, as many parents are imposing the will in certain areas such as the child's education.
Low education is found in fishermen's children whose lives are in a low economy, where there are still many of them who only graduate at the elementary school level.There are also some of those who do not finish their schooling at the elementary school level and rarely in children who are in Bagan Deli have ahigh level of education.Factors that cause the low level of education in fishermen's children in Bagan Deli are due to the inability of parents to pay for school, because according to them, the cost of education is expensive, and the factor of not wanting the child himself to go to school because he sees their friends who are not in school so that they become lazy to go to school, as well as factors in the community environment that are not supportive of going to school.
An unsupportive environment like many of their peers who did not finish school and many have worked at sea like their parents, so they think the world of education is less important.The life of fishermen, which on average is at a low education, especially for fishermen's children, is found in the Bagan Deli area, Medan Belawan District in Ward 15.Most parents who make a living as fishermen in Bagan Deli Belawan have an education that is generally only at the elementary level, and there are even still fishermen who are letters and do not read.With these conditions, it can be seen that the phenomenon that occurs fishermen do not understand and understand the importance of education.When reviewing the level of education of children in fishing families in Bagan Deli , almost on average, it follows in the footsteps of their parents who only completed their education at the elementary school (SD) level.However, when viewed from the education of fishermen's children in Bagan Deli , almost the average education they are still very poor.If children go to sea or work in the sea, they will get money that can be used to buy something they want or to help their family's economy.They think that school is not important and promising for the future because they think there are also people who go to school but in fact also go to sea.In addition to the factor of the child himself, they prefer to go to sea because can get money.
In fact, there are still problems in the education system in Indonesia (Intan, 2017) namely that there are many children of primary education age who do not continue to the secondary school level.The many factors that influence this condition, the main factor that is the reason for some people in Bagan Deli is the high cost of education for secondary school and the economic income they get is not enough to pay for their child's school needs, so parents are more likely to send their children to school at the elementary school level (SD) only.Another factor is the lack of parental attention to the education of children.In addition, for them to become a fisherman, there is no need for a high education so they think that only at the elementary school level is enough.Based on the background above, the formulation of the problem in this study is; 1) Connection perceptions of fishermen parents regarding children's education and attitudes of fishermen's parents regarding children's education in Parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes towards the education of fishermen's children -Bakhrul Khair Amal 1 , Tappil Rambe 2 , Supsiloani 3 , Dina Ampera 4 , Anwar Soleh Purba 5 , Hatta Ridho 6 , Daud 7 doi: 10.53565/pssa.v8i1.45690 Bagan Deli, Medan Belawan District, 2) Differential backgrounds of fishermen's parents with parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes regarding children's education in Bagan Deli, Medan Belawan District.

METHOD
The research method used in this study is the Exposé Facto method, which is a research effort to get clear information using data that has occurred.This method is used on the grounds that it uses the available data using a correlation approach in accordance with the purpose of the study, namely to determine the influence between the level of education and the unemployment rate with the poverty of the periphery population.The method of descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach, because through this descriptive research is in accordance with the objectives that the author wants to achieve, namely to bring up events or phenomena that are happening in society then the author tries to describe the events and events that are the center of attention to be presented as they are, Margaretha (2013).Meanwhile, using a quantitative approach because the author wants to get answers to the phenomena that occur by measuring the indicators of research variables so that an overview of the variables measured from the study can be obtained, Margaretha (2013).
The location of this study was conducted in Bagan Deli Village, Medan Belawan District.This research was conducted by looking for primary data and secondary data to places that are closely related to those required in this study.Researchers chose this location to be used as a place for researchers to research because of the large number of people who almost averaged low levels of education.So, the researcher chose the location as a place for researchers to see the relationship between the perceptions and attitudes of fishermen's parents towards children's education in Bagan Deli, Medan Belawan District.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of Parents' Perceptions of Children's Education Questionnaires or questionnaires that were distributed and answered by respondents, namely parents.The questionnaire on parents' perceptions of early childhood education consists of 25 items of statement where each item is presented 4 options, namely strongly agree which is worth (4), agree which is worth, disagree which is worth 2, and strongly disagree which is worth 1.From the results of research that has been carried out by authors in the field using data collection techniques and dissemination of questionnaires to respondents, not all questionnaires are filled out and return to the authors to be able to be analyzed.
The questionnaire data that has been collected by 58 out of 82 respondents is still raw data that must be processed in order for conclusions to be drawn.The next step is to classify the score according to the level of education of the parents, the level of income of the parents, Parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes towards the education of fishermen's children -Bakhrul Khair Amal 1 , Tappil Rambe 2 , Supsiloani 3 , Dina Ampera 4 , Anwar Soleh Purba 5 , Hatta Ridho 6 , Daud 7 doi: 10.53565/pssa.v8i1.45691 based on parents who have sent their children to school and parents who have not sent their children to school.To determine the quantitative value of parents' perceptions of children's education is to add up the questionnaire answer scores from each respondent.The results of the calculation (scoring) of 58 questionnaires on parents' perceptions of early childhood education are as follows; Table 1 1 of the frequency distribution above, it can be explained that the value of the questionnaire of parents' perceptions of early childhood education is in the Good category (36.20%).In more detail, it can be explained from the results of 58 questionnaires of parental perceptions of early childhood education, there are 10 parents who have perceptions in the Excellent category (17.25%),21 parents who have perceptions in the Good category (36.20%), 17 parents who have perceptions in the sufficient category (29.31%) and there are 10 parents who have perceptions in the less category (17.24%).

Graph 1. Graph of Parental Perception Questionnaire Values Based on Parents'
Education Level Most parents who make a living as fishermen in general have their education at the elementary level even when the author observes in the field even very many fishermen who are illiterate and do not know to read, with this condition the author makes a conclusion that fishermen in general do not understand and understand the importance of education, meaning that with such conditions there are very many parents who do not motivate their children to taste education because of the principle of which still sticks in their minds that school is not something that promises to improve life, in the case if studied more deeply that through education the fate of the family will be able to be improved.
However, it is different from what the author found in the fishing community in Belawan.When viewed from the income of parents who make a living as fishermen, in Parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes towards the education of fishermen's children -Bakhrul Khair Amal 1 , Tappil Rambe 2 , Supsiloani 3 , Dina Ampera 4 , Anwar Soleh Purba 5 , Hatta Ridho 6 , Daud 7 doi: 10.53565/pssa.v8i1.45692 general, the income they get will be relatively sufficient to send their children to a higher level.However, it turns out that the education of fishermen's children in Bagan Deli village is still low.When compared to the income of farmers and fishermen, the income obtained every month can be said to be not much different, even the income is relatively more.But in fact, farmers' children can get an education up to the high school level, and some even go to college.
Meanwhile, in the fishing community, it is very rare for their children to go to school and college.This inequality occurs allegedly because parents' awareness of children's education is still very minimal.In general, talking about awareness means that there is active action from parents.Thus, parents who are aware of the importance of children's formal education will definitely continue to strive to send their children to a high level.And this act is evidenced in sending their children to school.The relationship between parents' consciousness plays an active role in achieving the goals that children want.

Graph 2. Graph of Parental Perception Questionnaire Value Based on Parental Income
Level Similarly, the feeling of love parents of his children is true love that arises spontaneously, not contrived.At home the child receives great affection from his parents the child hangs himself completely on his parents 'pad or the place where he pours out his heart.Comenius 1592 in Purwanto (1995) emphasizes how important family education is to his developing children in his description of the levels of schooling that the child goes through until he reaches his maturity level.In most families it is the mother who plays the most important role in her children.A mother's education of her child is a basic education that cannot be ignored at all, therefore a mother should be a wise and good at educating her children.This suggests that the existence of a mother is so important and strategic in the process of child education, especially at the moment of inception when a child obtains education for the benefit of his growth, development and maturity.
The attitude of responsibility to the child from an early age is very important, so what parents need to realize is that the child will grow up according to habits, so that the child is accustomed to being responsible for what he does or does, then give and teach the attitude of responsibility to the child since he was a child.Start from the simplest thing according to the age and maturity of the child.In teaching an attitude of responsibility to children, do not require children to do things perfectly.Therefore, the very important thing for teachers Parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes towards the education of fishermen's children -Bakhrul Khair Amal 1 , Tappil Rambe 2 , Supsiloani 3 , Dina Ampera 4 , Anwar Soleh Purba 5 , Hatta Ridho 6 , Daud 7 doi: 10.53565/pssa.v8i1.45693 (parents) to have is patience and earnestness.Children who have been accustomed to being responsible since childhood, both in attitude and when speaking, then these habits will carry over until they grow up.Children who are able to take responsibility are likely to be able to live independently, happily, confidently, and trustworthy.Lately the role of parents that took the central point of the mother, began to shift.
Children obtain non-formal education or out-of-school education in the form of life experiences.In general, a person's personality is formed through education, the personality is essentially a social symptom and the personality of the individual is closely related to the culture of his environment.Consciousness is something that is intentionality (purposeful), meaning that consciousness cannot be imagined without something realized.According to Uhar Suharsaputra (2007) stated that in order for awareness to arise, it is necessary to suppose three things, namely there are subjects, there are objects, and there are subjects that are open to objects.From some of the understandings above, the author concludes that public awareness is a process where a person is aware of something in his environment through all the five senses he has that are able to provide views in the form of the ability to distinguish groups and focus things.We can see how big, the responsibility is to the development of children 'if parents are aware of their child's education then quality human resources are created, but if parents are not aware of their child's education then there will be unqualified human resources in the future.Parents who are aware of their child's education are parents who really mature thinking that education is a humanization, parents are the main and first characters in human formation.In general, talking about consciousness means that there is active action from parents.Thus, it can be concluded that parents who are aware of the importance of children's formal education will definitely continue to strive to send their children to higher levels.And this act is evidenced in sending their children to school.The relationship between parents' consciousness plays an active role in achieving the goals that children yearn for.According to Rakhmat (1998), there are 10 donations that parents can make to children, namely: feelings of security, fulfillment of physical and psychological needs, sources of affection and acceptance, approved behavioral models for learning to be social, guidance in the development of socially approved patterns of behavior, assistance in solving children's problems, guidance and assistance in learning motor-skills, verbal, and social, necessary for adjustment, stimulating the ability to achieve success in school and social life, assistance in establishing.Education is an expensive investment.
Differences in perceptions between parents and each other towards children's education, this is because a person's perception of something will have different views between each person, even though the perceived object is really the same.Every stimulus that is viewed by a person will have different views / perceptions according to the level or way of thinking of a person in interpreting a problem.The perception possessed by a person is influenced by the experience, learning process and knowledge of each of malik's individuals (in Setiadarma, 2001).In addition, the calculation of the value of the parental perception questionnaire is reclassified into parent groups according to their education level, parent groups according to their income levels, parent groups who have sent their children to school and parent groups who have not sent their children to school.
The results of the assessment of parental perception questionnaires based on the level of education (S1) towards attitudes are in the good category, parents' perceptions based on the high school/vocational level are in category good, and parents' perceptions of attitudes based on the junior high school level are in category enough.So from the results of the questionnaire, it can be seen that the level of education affects parents in their participation in children's education, in this case, namely sending their children to formal educational institutions.The higher the level of education of parents, the better their knowledge and perception of education will be.The value of the questionnaire of parents' perceptions of attitudes is also classified based on the level of parental income.There are 3 levels of parental income, namely according to categories (parental income while parents who have not sent their children to school).
Education lasts a lifetime and is carried out in the family and community environment.According to the Dictionary of Education, education is the process by which a person develops his abilities, attitudes and other forms of behavior in the society in which he lives.Social processes in which people are faced with environmental influences and are controlled (especially those come from school) so that they can obtain or experience the development of optimal social abilities and individual abilities and abilities (Director General of Higher Education, 1983/1984: 19 in Fuad Ihsa, 2005).
Through education, children will have broad insights in their lives, so that what is the goal of life will be more directed and achieved, therefore education is a shared responsibility between the family, society and the government.According to Ahmad (2001) states that there are three educational institutions, namely formal, non-formal and informal Parents' perceptions of children's education and parents' attitudes towards the education of fishermen's children -Bakhrul Khair Amal 1 , Tappil Rambe 2 , Supsiloani 3 , Dina Ampera 4 , Anwar Soleh Purba 5 , Hatta Ridho 6 , Daud 7 doi: 10.53565/pssa.v8i1.45695 educational institutions.Non-formal educational institutions are all forms of education that are organized deliberately, orderly, and planned outside of school activities.An informal educational institution is an education that takes place in the middle of the family.This educational activity takes place without an organization in the middle of the family.This educational activity takes place without a strict organization in the absence of a time program (unlimited) and without any evaluation.
According to Dariyo (2004) Education is awareness to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential, to have religious spiritual power, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, as well as the necessary skills for themselves and society.Dariyo (2004) further wrote that Type of Education consists of Formal Education, Non-formal Education, Informal Education.Factors that affect the quality of education are: Internal factors, including education, be it the Ministry of National Education, the regional Education Office, and also schools that are at the forefront.In this case, the intervention of the relevant parties is very much needed so that education is always well maintained; External factors, are society in general where, society is a sample of education and is the purpose of education, namely as an object of education.

CONCLUSION
The results of the parental perception questionnaire according to the level of S1 and S2 education are in the good category (50%), SMA/SMK is in the good category (36.11%) and junior high school is in the Sufficient category (50%).The calculation of the questionnaire value according to the level of parental income on income (a) parental perception is in the Good category (33.33%) and Less (33.33%), income (b) is in the Good category (41.67%) and income (c) is in the Very Good category (57.14%).Then based on parents who have sent their children to school, parents' perceptions of education are in the Good category (52.38%), while parents' perceptions that have not sent their children to school are in the Sufficient category (37.84%).